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How to banish blackheads
Blackheads, also known as open comedones, are flat, darkened spots that form when pores become clogged with a mixture of sebum (or oil) and dead skin cells. Their dark appearance is caused by the densely packed skin cells, which take on a dark colour.
It is a common myth that dirt or unclean skin causes blackheads. They are most prevalent in the T-zone (the area across your forehead and down your nose and chin, where the sebaceous glands are extremely active), but blackheads can appear anywhere on the face. They can turn into full-blown acne lesions if they become inflamed or exposed to bacteria. Cleansers and pore strips
Unfortunately, blackheads are very hard to prevent because of the skin's constant sebum production and cell turnover. Washing with a salicylic acid cleanser will temporarily remove pore-clogging debris and surface oil. Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are also a good first line of defence. They gently exfoliate skin to prevent cells from building up and clogging pores.
Pore strips are another good temporary solution because they help dislodge debris, but they also have some drawbacks. Pore strips don't prevent further blackheads from forming and their adhesive can irritate sensitive skin when the strip is pulled off. Retinoids and peels
Stubborn blackheads require a more aggressive approach. Your dermatologist may prescribe a topical retinoid, such as Retin-A. Unlike alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs), retinoids loosen blackheads and speed up cell turnover so skin cells don't have a chance to clog pores. They also have the unique benefit of slowing down oil production so new blackheads are less likely to form. Unfortunately, retinoids are not a quick fix. It will take a few weeks to see results, and your skin may become extremely dry and flaky in the process.
A series of glycolic peels can also help, though they are not recommended if you're using a retinoid because they may irritate your skin. A peel will quickly slough off dead skin cells while removing some of the debris from the pores. Five or six peels are recommended, but results can usually be seen after the second peel. An at-home regimen of salicylic and glycolic acid skincare products is often used to maintain the benefits.
Your dermatologist may also use an extractor - a metal instrument with a small round opening on the end - to remove individual blackheads. The opening is pressed against individual blackheads for a few seconds to dislodge the debris. You may experience some discomfort but the process is usually very quick and it's an effective way to remove blackheads.
There is no permanent solution for getting rid of blackheads, but a consistent skincare routine can help keep them under control. Don't pick at or try to squeeze them with your fingers, as you run the risk of infection and scarring.
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