Health Check A-Z

There is a very small risk of some serious side effects when you use a hormonal contraceptive, such as the contraceptive patch or combined oral contraceptive pill.

These are outlined below.

Blood clots

The patch slightly increases your chance of developing a blood clot, which can block a vein (venous thrombosis) or an artery (arterial thrombosis, which may lead to a heart attack or stroke). If you have had a blood clot before, do not use the patch.

Your risk of blood clots is higher during the first year of using the patch. Your risk is also higher if:

• you smoke
• you are very overweight
• you are immobile (unable to move) or use a wheelchair
• you have severe varicose veins
• a close family member had a venous thrombosis before they were 45 years old

The risk of arterial thrombosis is greatest if:

• you smoke
• you are diabetic
• you have high blood pressure (hypertension)
• you are very overweight
• you regularly have migraines with aura (visual problems)
• a close family member had a heart attack or stroke before they were 45

You will probably not be prescribed the patch if any of the above apply to you.

Cancer

Current research suggests that all users of hormonal contraception, such as the contraceptive patch, are at a slightly increased risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer compared to people who do not use hormonal contraception. However, further research is needed to provide more definite evidence.

Research suggests there is a small increase in your risk of developing cervical cancer with long-term use of oestrogen and progestogen hormonal contraception.

For most women, the benefits of the patch outweigh the risks. However, discuss all risks and benefits with your GP or nurse before starting to use the patch. You will not be allowed to use the patch if you are considered to be at a higher risk of serious side effects.