Alzheimer's disease explained

Investigations
GPs, as well as neurologists and geriatricians (people who care for the elderly), diagnose and treat Alzheimer's. Diagnosis will require thorough medical history details and a family interview, including questions about the patient's current mental and physical conditions.

Neurological tests, including a computerised tomography (CT) scan, as well as a mental health evaluation with memory-related questions, blood tests, blood pressure screening, ECG, EEG and urine tests will all be necessary to exclude other causes of ill health.

However, in the earlier stages of Alzheimer's, brain scan results are often normal, as the plaques and tangled neuron fibres won't show up on a scan. A brain scan can help to identify other neurological problems, such as stroke.

Treatment
While there is no cure yet available for Alzheimer's, there are a handful of medical treatments that can help alleviate some of the behavioural and cognitive symptoms resulting from the disease.

Two drugs are available in the UK that may slow mental deterioration. Donepezil (Aricept) and rivastigmine (Exelon). An investigation into the benefits of vitamin E and selegiline - a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease - is ongoing.

When to seek medical advice
If you think you have Alzheimer's or suspect someone you know might be experiencing symptoms of the disease, it's important to consult with medical professionals as soon as possible. Early diagnosis can help to rule out other medical reasons for symptoms.

Because AD eventually affects an individual's ability to care for him or herself, short- and long-term planning is recommended. Care support, a living will and end-of-life decisions, among other things, should be discussed with your family.

Prognosis
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive degenerative disease, and patients ultimately lose the ability to care for themselves. The rate of progress is variable, and following diagnosis the majority of patients continue to live in the community with support until the last years of their life.

Helpful organisations
Alzheimer's Disease Society
Gordon House
10 Greencoat Place
London SW1P 1PH
Helpline: 0845 3000 336