Strokes explained

While scientists agree that heavy drinking puts you at risk, several studies indicate that daily consumption of one serving (one glass of wine) of alcohol may provide a protective influence against ischaemic stroke, perhaps because alcohol decreases clotting or improves cholesterol levels. However, doctors caution that if you don't drink, you shouldn't start.

Diet
Whay you eat may also be a factor. Reduce your salt and fat intake and eat more fresh fruit and vegetables. Researchers found that eating five to six servings of fruits and vegetables each day can result in a 31 per cent decrease in ischaemic stroke risk when compared to eating fewer than three servings.

Exercise
Taking regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of having a stroke. It need not be strenuous, just regular.

Blood pressure
Untreated high blood pressure may cause strikes. Have your blood pressure checked regularly, especially as you get older. If your doctor prescribes drugs to bring down your blood pressure then take them; many people do not and so run unnecessary risks.

Cholesterol
Have your blood cholesterol checked by your doctor and ask for a leaflet on how to modify your diet to keep it low. You can lower your risk for atherosclerosis and stroke by improving your cholesterol levels. A healthy diet and regular exercise are the first steps to lowering cholesterol. Learn to avoid saturated fats. Learn to cook and eat healthy food and choose foods low in fat. When diet alone won't lower your cholesterol, your doctor may prescribe cholesterol-lowering medication.

Medical prevention
If you have risk factors for ischaemic stroke, you may be helped by regular doses of aspirin or other anticoagulants under the supervision of a doctor. For those who are allergic or intolerant of aspirin, other antiplatelet medicines are available.

Transient strokes are often a warning that a major stroke will occur. If the cause, such as a constriction in a carotid artery, can be found, an operation to remove the affected part of the artery may be a cure.