Facts and myths about breast cancer

It's hard to separate fact from fiction when it comes to finding out the truth about breast cancer. Jane Ehrlich aims to set the record straight.

The facts

1. Most breast abnormalities are benign
About 80% of breast lumps are. (The percentage becomes smaller as a woman ages.) Sometimes there can be cysts, nipple discharges and calcification (calcium salt deposits in breast tissues) resulting from injury or bruising, hormonal changes or infection. However, women should be aware of the signs that may indicate breast cancer:

• Lumps in breasts and the area up to and around the armpits
• Nipple discharge, rash or changes in position, or inversion (turning inwards)
• Puckering or dimpling of the skin Discomfort or pain in one breast that differs from the other
• Any changes in shape, appearance, symmetry or feel of your breasts

2. Only a small percentage of breast cancer cases are hereditary
Just 5-10%. Researchers have identified two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, that, when mutated, are associated with an increased chance of getting the disease. Of all the risk factors involved (family history, age, early period or late menopause, childlessness or late childbearing), a mutated BRCA gene can account for 5% increased risk. According to the Cancer Research Campaign, the other 5% is thought to be linked to genetics as well, although how is uncertain.

3. Women spot most breast cancers themselves
Their partners often spot them, too. Lying down, standing in front of the mirror (for visual changes) and in the shower are all good positions to explore breast changes. Many women find their lumps when they and their partners are in bed or shower and bathe together.

4. It is safe to get pregnant after treatment for breast cancer
There doesn't appear to be any extra risk of breast cancer returning if you get pregnant. However, many specialists advise women to wait for a couple of years after diagnosis of breast cancer, as this is considered to be the most common time for a cancer to recur.