The morning after

What's involved? Both types of pill are taken in the same way. The first dose (one pill, if taking progestogen-only pills, or two pills, if taking combined pills) should be taken as soon as possible. The second dose is taken twelve hours later.

How do they work? They work by stopping or delaying ovulation (egg release) or by preventing a fertilised egg settling in the womb (implanting). Opponents of EC continually state that these pills cause an abortion. However, the medical and legal standpoint on this is clear; abortion can only take place after a fertilised egg has implanted in the womb. EC prevents pregnancy and is not abortion. People who believe life begins at fertilisation may not wish to use EC.

Are there any risks? No. Most women can use emergency pills. They are safer than being pregnant and having an unplanned baby. If you are taking any drugs or medicines or have any illness, you need to mention this so the right method can be used.

The main disadvantage is feeling sick or vomiting, and this nasty side effect is much less likely with progestogen-only pills. Emergency pills are so safe that, even if you take them not realising you are pregnant, they will not affect the pregnancy or harm the baby.

The copper IUD

Many women are not aware of this option. If you don't want to use emergency pills or you have missed the 72-hour limit, you can use a copper IUD. It works by stopping an egg being fertilised or from implanting in your womb.

A doctor or nurse can fit the IUD within five days of unprotected sex or within five days of the earliest time you could have ovulated. An IUD is never fitted if there is any doubt about these dates, because if a woman is pregnant already, it might result in miscarriage. The IUD is otherwise very safe and extremely effective. It has the added advantage that it can be left in place for use as a long-term method of contraception. If you want it removed, this can be done during your next period.