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Pregnancy & Baby 
  |  Fertility  |  Contraception  |  How does the IUD work?
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How does the IUD work?

by Peg Plumbo

question
I am considering an IUD. Please describe how this method of birth control works.

answer
We don't yet have definitive answers on how IUDs work. They may prevent pregnancy by affecting sperm, eggs and the lining of the uterus. Recent studies indicate that IUDs may also have effects outside of the uterus. In one study, IUD users demonstrated no evidence of fertilisation. The IUD appears to operate in one of two ways:
  • by interfering with migration of sperm from the vagina to the fallopian tube
  • by accelerating egg transport through the fallopian tube, thus impeding fertilisation

The IUD is an effective contraceptive for monogamous women with no history of sexually transmitted diseases or pelvic inflammatory disease.

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