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IUD: Is it safe and effective?
I am considering an IUD for contraception. How does it work? Are they safe?
Several studies suggest that interference with sperm migration or function and with fertilisation may be critical mechanisms in the contraceptive action of IUDs. There appears to be limited compelling evidence that the IUDs act as abortifacients. Women who are not at risk for pelvic inflammatory disease or sexually transmitted diseases are appropriate candidates for the IUD. Through better selection of candidates the risk for pelvic inflammatory disease is now very low.
With regard to their efficacy, IUDs provide protection against pregnancy at a rate comparable to that provided by female sterilisation.
Copper IUDs often increase blood loss, whereas the LNg IUD substantially reduces menstrual bleeding. Approximately, five to 15 per cent of IUD users have their IUD removed because of bleeding or pelvic pain in the first year. Women who experience intermenstrual bleeding, significant pain, or excessive menstrual bleeding in the first month after insertion are at high risk for a removal in the first year after insertion.
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