Environmental impact

Some pesticides, known as endocrine disruptors, have oestrogen-like qualities that may affect the reproductive system of a fetus. Wash all fruit and vegetables, wear rubber gloves when gardening and avoid insect repellents containing DEET.

Other chemicals
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are mixtures of chemicals that are no longer used in manufacturing of electrical equipment but can still be released into the environment from hazardous waste sites or leaks. They do not break down readily. PCBs have been linked to reproductive problems and impaired development in the womb as well as cancer.

Dangerous rays
Much debate continues about the effects of electromagnetic rays on our health. Should you limit your use of a mobile phone? Is autism linked to exposure to electromagnetic radiation?

• There has been a lot of concern in the past about radiation from computer screens causing miscarriage or even birth defects. But extensive research has so far shown this not to be the case. However, it's probably a good idea not to sit for hours with a laptop on your knee - and this applies to men as well as women. The jury is still out on mobile phones, and much more research is needed on long-term safety. So, carry your phone in a bag rather than putting it in your pocket, and keep it away from your abdomen.
• In the home, limit your use of the microwave and certainly don't stand in front of it while it's operating. You might also want to give your electric blanket a miss while you're trying to conceive. Keep each other warm instead.

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