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Internal examinations: are they necessary?

by Dr Howard Lee

question
I recently had my first baby and have talked with many friends about their own antenatal and birth experiences. I was able to cope with most of the things that went on during this time, even during the delivery itself, but I did find the internal examinations embarrassing. Are they really necessary? Why do they have to do so many?

answer
I get the impression from your question that nobody took the time to explain to you in the very beginning just what was happening to you. I am assuming that you did have a vaginal examination at your first antenatal visit. This is usually with your own GP. He may take a cervical smear at this time if you have not had one at all, but this is not common. Usually he carries out what is called a bimanual examination. This means that with the fingers of one hand internally, and the other hand placed on your lower abdomen, he is able to determine the size, position and shape of the uterus (womb). He is also able to exclude any abnormal features of the uterus - whilst making an early assessment of the duration of pregnancy - the ovaries or of the bony pelvis. A speculum may be placed within the vagina to allow for a visual examination of the cervix, and for any swabs to be taken for examination of any possible infections.

From this point, it will not usually be necessary to continue any regular vaginal examinations in the antenatal period, as they really do not provide any useful information. They will usually only be performed if there are any reported problems. At the end of the gestation period, say from 40 weeks, there will usually be, at the least, a weekly internal. These assess the state and activity of the cervix, giving the GP or midwife a better indication as to the possible starting of labour.

During the first stage of labour, an internal examination will show the progress of the effacement and the later dilation of the cervix, and also helps to identify the position and progress of the baby’s presenting part.

Internal checks at your post-natal visit at the end of your pregnancy are usual. These are usually carried out together with a cervical inspection and smear (if this is due) This will allow the doctor to ensure that both the vaginal and cervix structures have returned to normal, that any sutured lacerations or episiotomy wounds have healed and that the uterus has returned to a normal position and size.

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