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Below are tables with the current recommendations for immunisations.
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis
Hepatitis B, Polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Meningitis C
Measles, Mumps, Rubella
|
Diphtheria |
Tetanus |
Pertussis |
| What causes the disease? |
Bacteria |
Toxin from Bacteria |
Bacteria |
| Do we actually still see this disease in the UK? |
Very Rarely |
Occasionally |
Quite often |
| Is it contagious? |
Moderately |
Not at all |
Extremely |
| How is it transmitted? |
Coughing, sneezing, etc. |
Infection of cuts in skin |
Coughing, sneezing, etc |
| What can happen if you get the disease? |
Obstruction of breathing |
Severe muscle spasms |
Severe cough, loss of breath |
| Can it cause death? |
Yes |
Possible but not commonly |
Yes |
| Notifications of Infectious Diseases in England and Wales |
2(1990) with 92% vaccine uptake - 23(1999) with 96% vaccine uptake | 9(1990) - 3(1999) |
15,286(1990) - 1,139(1999) |
| What are the initials for the vaccine? |
DTP vaccine since 1990 (Triple) |
DTP |
DTP |
| How many injections are needed in total? |
4 |
4 and then 1 every 10 yrs |
3 |
| When are the injections typically given? |
2,3,4, months & 3-4 years |
2,3,4, months & 3-4 years |
2,3,4, months |
| What are common side effects? |
Pain at injection site, fever, and fretfulness |
Pain at injection site, fever, and fretfulness |
Pain at injection site, fever, and fretfulness |
| What are rare complications? |
Convulsions, Inconsolable crying, and fever >105 |
Convulsions, Inconsolable crying, and fever >105 |
Convulsions, Inconsolable crying, and fever >105 |
| Who absolutely shouldn't get the vaccine? |
Previous severe allergic reaction or brain disorder occurring within seven days of last DTP immunisation |
Previous severe allergic reaction or brain disorder occurring within seven days of last DTP immunisation |
Previous severe allergic reaction or brain disorder occurring within seven days of last DTP immunisation |
| Additional Comments |
Side effects of this injection felt to be mostly from the pertussis portion. TD>
| Side effects of this injection felt to be mostly from the pertussis portion. |
Most children who get pertussis (whooping cough) get it from an adult who doesn't realize he has it |
|
Polio |
Haemophilus influenzae type b |
Meningitis C |
| What causes the disease? |
Virus |
Bacteria |
Bacteria |
| Do we actually still see this disease in the UK? |
Not at all |
Occasionally |
Yes |
| Is it contagious? |
Moderately |
Moderately |
Yes |
| How is it transmitted? |
In the stool of infected persons |
Coughing, sneezing, etc. |
Coughing, sneezing, etc. |
| What can happen if you get the disease? |
Paralysis |
Meningitis & infection in blood or skin |
Meningitis or Septicaemia or combined disease |
| Can it cause death? |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| What are the initials for the vaccine? |
Oral Polio |
HiB |
Men C |
| How many doses are needed total? |
4 |
3 |
3 |
| When are the injections typically given? |
2,3,4 months, 4 years |
2,3,4 months |
2,3,4 months |
| What are common side effects? |
Pain at injection site |
Pain at injection site |
Brief illness possible, headache, pain at injection site |
| What are rare complications? |
None established |
None established |
Possible rare anaphylaxis reaction |
| Who absolutely shouldn't get the vaccine? |
Anyone who has immune system problems or has contact with anyone with immune system problems |
None. However, the Hib is usually given as part of the DTP shot. If there is a reason for not giving the DTP, then a shot for Hib alone may be given |
Anyone who has acute, severe, febrile illness |
| Additional Comments |
None |
Despite the confusing name, this is NOT the "flu shot." The flu is a viral illness that has a vaccination that is electively given once per year and is not part of standard childhood immunizations |
Meningitis is the leading infectious cause of death in children in the UK, with increased incidence over the past 5 years. |
|
Measles |
Mumps |
Rubella |
| What causes the disease? |
Virus |
Virus |
Virus |
| Do we actually still see this disease in the UK? |
Yes, in occasional outbreaks |
Rarely |
Rarely |
| Is it contagious? |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| How is it transmitted? |
Saliva, sneezing, coughing |
Coughing, sneezing, etc. |
Saliva, sneezing, coughing |
| What can happen if you get the disease? |
Fever, rash, possible brain damage |
Swollen glands, brain swelling, sterility |
Mild fever, rash, birth defects if pregnant |
| Can it cause death? |
Yes, but uncommonly |
Yes, but rare |
Yes, in babies born to mums who have it |
| Notification in England and Wales |
13,302(1990) - 2,438(1999) |
4,277(1990) - 1691(1999) |
11,491(1990) - 1954(1999) |
| What are the initials for the vaccine? |
MMR |
MMR |
MMR |
| How many injections are needed total? |
2 |
2 |
| When are the injections typically given? |
12 months and 4-6 years |
12 months and 4-6 years |
12 months and 4-6 years |
| What are common side effects? |
Fever and rash |
Low grade fever, mildly swollen salivary glands |
Rash, fever, and swollen glands |
| What are rare complications? |
Seizures due to the fever, low platelet count (the cells that help blood clot when you get a cut), and severe allergic reaction |
Mild allergic reactions |
Joint pain which goes away in a few weeks |
| Who absolutely shouldn't get the vaccine? |
Pregnant women or women planning to be pregnant within 3 months, previous severe allergic reaction to MMR or to neomycin, persons with immune system problems except HIV |
Pregnant women, those who have has severe allergic reactions to neomycin, persons with immune system problems except HIV |
Pregnant women, those who have has severe allergic reactions to neomycin, persons with immune system problems except HIV |
| Additional Comments |
Anyone who received their first MMR before their first birthday may not be immune and should receive another immunisation |
none |
As with all immunisations, the fact that there is a pregnant woman in the household should not be a reason to not immunise a child |
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