What is homeopathy?

This mysterious system of healing is based on the idea that ‘like cures like’. Anne Woodham explains the philosophy behind this increasingly popular therapy

In homeopathy, a substance that causes certain symptoms in a healthy person is said to cure someone who has developed similar symptoms as a result of disease. For example, arsenic is a common homeopathic remedy for diarrhoea and food poisoning.

Stimulating self-healing
Symptoms such as a sore throat or vomiting are seen as a sign that the body’s self-healing powers are fighting infection. Homeopathic medicines are designed not to suppress symptoms but to boost the body’s ‘vital force,’ or self-healing ability.

Despite using plant, animal and mineral substances that in full-strength would be toxic, homeopathic remedies are completely safe because they are diluted thousands of times over until there are only a few molecules left, if any at all, of the original substance. Nevertheless, homeopaths believe that sufficient ‘likeness’ remains to stimulate self-healing processes.

Hippocrates, the ‘father of medicine’, outlined the principle of ‘like curing like’ in the 5th century BC, but it was more or less forgotten until a German physician, Dr Samuel Hahnemann, rediscovered the principle in the 1790s. He dosed himself with quinine and found it produced the symptoms of malaria. The more he diluted the solution to make it safe, the stronger the response.

In 1810, Dr Hahnemann published his theory of homeopathy, from the Greek homoios (same) and pathos (suffering), and went on to test other substances such as arsenic and to use them as cures.

Fit for a queen
Hahnemann’s ideas spread from Germany throughout Europe to Asia and the Americas, and it became extremely fashionable in Britain. The first homeopathic hospital opened in 1850 and Queen Adelaide, consort to William IV, was the first of many members of the Royal Family to consult a homeopathic doctor. This Royal backing helps explain homeopathy’s inclusion when the NHS was founded in 1948.

How does it work?
Hahnemann noticed that his patients got worse before improving. To reduce side effects, or ‘aggravations,’ he developed the ‘Law of Potentisation’, repeatedly diluting doses in the belief that the weaker the remedy, the more potent its ability to trigger the ‘vital force.’

Remedies are diluted on the decimal scale (x) with a dilution factor of 1:10, or on the centesimal scale (c) with a dilution factor of 1:100. A decimal dilution of 6x is said to equal one part in a million; roughly equivalent to a pinch of salt in a bath of water. On the centesimal scale, a 12c potency is comparable to a pinch of salt in the Atlantic Ocean. After each dilution, the mixture is shaken vigorously (known as succussion) to transfer ‘energy’ from the substance and potentiate its healing properties.

Although homeopathy is one of the most mainstream complementary therapies and available on the NHS through a homeopathic doctor, its principles are beyond current scientific understanding. Yet several clinical trials at Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital, published in The Lancet, found that homeopathic remedies alleviated hay fever and allergic asthma. According to one theory, the diluted liquid keeps an electromagnetic ‘footprint’ or ‘memory’ of the original substance.

Another theory put forward by two scientists and reported in the New Scientist, claims that when a solution is diluted to the point where you would think nothing remains, the molecules actually clump together to form even larger clusters and become biologically active.

The right remedy for your personality
Hahnemann also discovered that the more he found out about his patients, the more likely he prescribed the right remedy. Illness is considered the result of an inner imbalance and so-called ‘classical’ homeopaths assess a patient’s ‘constitutional type’ by noting appearance and asking detailed questions about likes and dislikes, lifestyle habits and personality. Their skill lies in matching symptoms and constitution to one of around 2,000 remedies. A cold, for example, will be treated differently according to whether the patient is jolly, overweight and outgoing, or thin and neurotic.

Remedies come in many different forms, including lactose pills, tablets and powders, as well as ointments and tinctures. Treatment is said to work according to the ‘laws of cure’: symptoms improve from the top of the body; from inside before the outside; and in reverse order of appearance. The longer a condition has taken to develop, the longer it takes to treat, and remedies may be changed according to how symptoms progress.

The homeopath may dispense the remedy, or you may buy it from a health shop or chemist. Less common remedies are available from a homeopathic pharmacist. Practitioners usually advise taking remedies between meals, on a spoon to avoid body contact, and avoiding coffee and other strong-tasting substances.

What is it good for?
Homeopathy seems to work best for long-term chronic and recurring conditions, such as allergies, asthma, eczema, anxiety, nervous tension, digestive problems, menstrual and menopausal problems and problems in pregnancy (including morning sickness).

What to watch out for

  • Homeopathy is not suitable for surgical emergencies or conditions such as cancer, although it has a supportive role
  • Tell your practitioner if you are using essential oils, as in certain cases they are thought incompatible with homeopathic remedies
  • If you are allergic to milk-based products, ask for lactose-free tablets

How much does it cost?
An initial consultation with a practitioner usually lasts one and a half to two hours; subsequent visits are shorter. Fees vary according to location and whether you consult a homeopath or a homeopathic doctor, but expect to pay around £45–£90 for the first session, less for subsequent ones.

How can I find it?
Simple homeopathic remedies are available from health shops and pharmacies. Over-the-counter remedies can be rather hit or miss, apart from Arnica, the universal remedy for shock, falls, bruising, bleeding, exhaustion and jet lag. Manufacturers of hay fever remedies, for instance, combine half a dozen substances in the hope there will be something to suit everyone. Some pharmacists have received basic training in homeopathy, but always read any accompanying literature.

The Faculty of Homeopathy
Maintains a register of homeopathic doctors and pharmacies and runs postgraduate courses for doctors. Those with the qualification MFHom have completed a four-year part time training in homeopathy
15 Clerkenwell Close, London EC1R 0AA
Tel 020 7566 7810

British Homeopathic Association
Charity to promote homeopathy, associated with the Faculty of Homeopathy
15 Clerkenwell Close, London EC1R 0AA
Tel 020 7566 7800
www.trusthomeopathy.org

The Society of Homeopaths
Members are not doctors but have completed a registration course in addition to training at an accredited college. Registered homeopaths use the letters RSHom
4A Artizan Road, Northampton, NN1 4HU
Tel 01604 621400
www.homeopathy-soh.org

Alliance of Registered Homeopaths
One of the largest registering organisations for UK homeopaths
Millbrook Hill
Nutley
East Sussex
TN22 3PJ
www.a-r-h.org