Ayurveda

All aspects of physical health and emotional well-being are covered by the ancient practice of Ayurveda, based on 'vital energies' or doshas. Anne Woodham explains

Ayurveda (Sanskrit for 'science of life') is the traditional healing system of the Indian subcontinent, where its use can be traced to 2,500 BC. Based on Hindu holy texts, it has similarities with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan medicine.

According to the principles of Ayurveda, the five great elements - earth, air, fire, water and ether - that underlie all living things can be simplified as three constantly fluctuating 'vital energies', or doshas. The daily rise and fall of these energies in our bodies is affected by food, time of day, season, stress and emotions. Imbalances are thought to affect the flow of 'life energy,' or prana, and impede agni, the body's 'digestive fire'. A deficiency in agni produces toxic substances called ama that can cause illness.

Restoring energies
Treatment aims to restore the doshic balance by means of detoxification techniques, diet, yoga postures, breathing exercises, meditation, massage and herbal remedies. The three doshas - vata, pitta and kapha - have distinctive attributes. Each of us is born with a unique combination of doshas, known as prakriti, that govern our personality, intellect and physiological strengths and weaknesses. Usually one dosha is dominant, but sometimes two are ascendant and those people will have features of both.

Vata is formed from air and ether. Vata people tend to be slight and either tall or short, creative, quick and nervous in movements, and wasteful of energy. Vata types should avoid pungent, bitter foods that increase vata, and eat sweet, sour, salty, moist warming foods such as casseroles to calm the dosha.

Pitta is formed from fire and water. Pitta people are inclined to be of average height and evenly proportioned, and are usually confident, ambitious and competitive. Sour, salty, pungent foods increase pitta, and pitta types should avoid red meat and eat more sweet, astringent, bitter foods, especially salads, chicken and fish.

Kapha is formed from water and earth. Kapha types tend to be heavily built, slow moving and physically strong, and are usually stable, patient but inclined to be possessive. Sweet, sour, salty foods increase kapha. People of this type should avoid dairy foods and eat more hot and spicy foods, apples, pears, leaf vegetables, beans and lentils.

How does it work?
An Ayurvedic doctor will assess your doshic constitution (tridosha) by checking the pulse at three points on the wrist, and ask searching questions about your personal and family history and lifestyle, from bowel habits to relationships. Your tongue is examined and you may be asked for a urine sample. Treatment will target the whole person rather than the symptoms of a specific disease. Dietary advice to restore any imbalance will take into account your age, condition, doshic type and season of the year, and suggest optimum times for meals. Herbal and mineral remedies and steam baths may be prescribed.

If the doctor considers a patient is suitable, he or she may suggest a rigorous physical and mental detoxification programme known as panchakarma, which involves enemas, laxatives, therapeutic vomiting and washing out the nasal passages. Ayurvedic massage is carried out by two masseurs working together with herbal oils to stimulate 'marma' points that will encourage the flow of prana. A rejuvenating regime includes yoga, meditation, chanting and sunbathing.

What is it good for?
As a medical system in its own right, Ayurveda would claim to treat any condition. It seems to be particularly helpful for digestive problems, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, eczema and other skin conditions, anxiety, insomnia, viral infections and wound healing.

What to watch out for
Check your practitioner's qualifications. Fully qualified Ayurvedic physicians complete a five-year degree course at Indian or Sri Lankan universities, and hold the title BAMS (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery) or DAMS (Doctor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery).

Some practitioners are qualified to give dietary and lifestyle advice, but only Ayurvedic doctors should prescribe and monitor herbal remedies and detoxification regimes. You should avoid enemas and other purgative treatments if you are pregnant, elderly or have heart disease, and young children should not have enemas.

How much does it cost?
An initial consultation may take up to an hour and subsequent sessions 15-30 minutes. Fees will vary according to the length of time and location in the UK. Minor ailments may require only two or three sessions, but chronic conditions may need weekly treatments over several months.

How can I find it?
Further information and a list of practitioners can be obtained from:

Ayurvedic Medical Association UK
59 Dulverton Road, Selsdon, Croydon CR2 8PJ
Tel 020 8682 3876

The Ayurvedic Company of Great Britain
81 Wimpole Street, London W1M 7DB
Tel 020 7224 6070
www.ayurvediccompanyofgreatbritain.co.uk

Kailash Centre for Oriental Medicine,
Tibet House, 7 Newcourt Street, London NW8 7AA
Tel 020 7722 3939
www.orientalhealing.co.uk

The Ayurvedic Institute (US site)
www.ayurveda.com