A combination of massage techniques and pressure applied through clothing to key points in the body makes shiatsu a popular health-promoting treatment, says Anne Woodham

Shiatsu, which translates as 'finger pressure,' was developed in Japan in the early 20th century. It follows the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which was introduced to Japan about 1,500 years ago, combined with elements of Western anatomy and physiology. In order to restore and balance the flow of 'life energy' (ki), the practitioner applies pressure to key points on your body using fingers, thumbs, elbows, knees and feet, and gently mobilises and stretches your limbs.

Chinese therapeutic massage is blended with an existing Japanese variation called anma. Over the centuries it came to be used mainly for relaxation, but early last century a Japanese practitioner called Tamai Tampaku rediscovered its healing potential and formulated the modern form of shiatsu.

How does it work?
According to traditional Chinese Medicine, life energy (chi in Chinese, ki in Japanese) circulates throughout the body in invisible channels known as meridians. A harmonious balance in this flow maintains well-being, while illness results from the imbalance created when ki is blocked or overactive (jitsu) or depleted (kyo). Ki can be influenced by stimulating certain points (tsubos, or acupoints) where it enters and exits the body and is most concentrated.

Shiatsu practitioners begin a consultation with questions about your medical history, lifestyle, emotions and responses to foods. They observe your appearance, posture and movements and listen to your voice. Using a technique known as hara diagnosis, the shiatsu practitioner gently touches, or palpates, the 'energy centres' in your abdomen that are said to relate to inner organs. Ki is stored in the tanden, a point three fingers' width below the navel that is considered the centre of balance.

Touch is also used continuously to assess changes in the meridians during the course of treatment, for which you remain clothed (although loose cotton garments are advised). You'll be asked to lie on a mat or futon on the floor so that the practitioner can exert pressure with their weight.

Techniques used include pressing the body with the knee or elbow to increase the flow of blood and ki; stretching and squeezing to break up blocked ki; rocking to offset disturbances in energy flow; gentle holding on tsubos and along the meridians to improve the circulation of ki.

What is it good for?
Shiatsu is health-promoting so anyone can benefit from treatment, but it is claimed to be particularly helpful for stress-related conditions such as headaches, migraine, anxiety, depression, insomnia and fatigue. It can also help with asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, catarrh, digestive disorders, painful menstruation, arthritis, back pain, sports injuries and circulatory problems.

While there are few scientific studies of shiatsu, evidence to support acupuncture or acupressure is relevant, especially theories that such treatments trigger the release of endorphins, the body's natural painkilling chemicals.

What to watch out for
Tell the practitioner if you are pregnant, as certain tsubos should be avoided; also inform your doctor if you have cancer, AIDS or chronic fatigue syndrome, high blood pressure, epilepsy, osteoporosis, thrombosis or varicose veins. Alcohol, heavy meals, hot baths or showers and vigorous exercise immediately before or after treatment can negate benefits.

How much does it last?
Sessions last about 60 minutes. Depending on your condition, several may be needed for maximum benefit.

How can I find it?
The Shiatsu Society
(Maintains a register of members who have completed a recognised training course.)
Eastlands Court, St Peter's Road, Rugby CV21 3QP
Tel 01788 555051
www.shiatsu.org

Read an iVillage tried and tested for Shiatsu massage